Among Muslim scholars, particularly who translated and interpreted the Quran in modern times, I am very fascinated and interested in the thoughts of late Ghulam Ahmad Parwez (1903-1985), also known as G A Parwez. Here is a summary as a way of introduction to this noteworthy scholar.

Ghulam Ahmad Parwez was a prominent Islamic scholar, thinker, and reformer who lived in the 20th century. He was born on February 29, 1903, in Batala, Punjab, which is now part of India. Parwez is renowned for his efforts in interpreting and understanding Islam in the contemporary context, particularly through his emphasis on rationality, logic, and critical thinking.

Parwez belonged to a family of scholars, and he received a traditional Islamic education in his early years. However, he later pursued modern education as well, which equipped him with a broad perspective on various subjects including philosophy, literature, and political science.

One of Parwez's most significant contributions to Islamic thought was his concept of "Lughat-ul-Quran," which translates to "The Dictionary of the Quran." In this work, he aimed to decipher the Quranic language and its meanings based on linguistic analysis, historical context, and rational interpretation. Parwez advocated for a dynamic understanding of the Quran that is in line with the principles of reason and logic.

He was also known for his criticism of traditional religious practices and beliefs that he deemed to be inconsistent with the true essence of Islam. Parwez emphasized the need for Muslims to reexamine their understanding of religion in light of modern knowledge and scientific advancements. Parwez argued that his insights from the Quran were in stark contrast to both capitalist and Marxist political ideologies.

Parwez founded the organization called "Tolu-e-Islam," which means "Revival of Islam." Through this platform, he propagated his ideas and engaged in dialogue with fellow Muslims about the reform of religious thought and practices.

Despite facing criticism and opposition from some conservative quarters, Parwez's ideas have continued to influence progressive Islamic thought, especially among those who seek a balance between faith and reason. He passed away on March 24, 1985, leaving behind a legacy of intellectual courage and reformist zeal in the realm of Islamic scholarship.

Islam: A Challenge to Religion

"Islam: A Challenge to Religion" is one of the seminal works authored by Ghulam Ahmad Parwez. Published in 1955, this book presents Parwez's critical analysis of traditional religious beliefs and practices within Islam, while advocating for a more rational and enlightened understanding of the faith.

In "Islam: A Challenge to Religion," Parwez challenges the conventional interpretations of Islam that he believed had strayed from the original message of the Quran. He argues for a return to the Quran as the primary source of guidance and emphasizes the importance of interpreting it in light of reason and modern knowledge.

Parwez's central thesis in the book is that Islam, as presented in the Quran, is not just another religion among many, but rather a comprehensive system of life that encompasses all aspects of human existence. He asserts that Islam offers a unique worldview that is compatible with reason and science, and thus poses a challenge to other religions and ideologies.

Throughout the book, Parwez critiques various religious doctrines and rituals that he considers to be outdated or inconsistent with the Quranic teachings. He calls for a reform of Islamic thought and practice, urging Muslims to embrace a more progressive and enlightened understanding of their faith.

"Islam: A Challenge to Religion" sparked widespread debate and controversy within the Muslim community, with some applauding Parwez's boldness in questioning established beliefs, while others vehemently opposed his ideas. However, the book remains influential among those who seek to reconcile Islam with modernity and uphold the principles of rationality and critical thinking.

Overall, "Islam: A Challenge to Religion" stands as a testament to Ghulam Ahmad Parwez's intellectual courage and commitment to reforming Islamic thought for the betterment of society. It continues to be studied and discussed by scholars and laypeople alike who are interested in exploring alternative interpretations of Islam that are in harmony with the demands of the contemporary world.

Islam: A Challenge to Religion by Ghulam Ahmed Parwez

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Works of G A Parwez

Translated works

Exposition of the Holy Quran
Human Fundamental Rights
Dictionary Of the Holy Quran Vol 1-4
What Is Islam
The Quranic System of Sustenance
Islam: A Challenge To Religion
The Life In The Hereafter
Islamic Way Of Living
Letter To Tahira
Quranic Laws
Jihad Is Not Terrorism
Glossary of Quranic Words
Human and Satan
Constitution Of Islamic State

The books written by Syed Abdul Wadud, a close friend of Parwez, are based on his ideas.

Conspiracies Against the Quran
Phenomena Of Nature
Quranocracy
The Heavens the Earth and the Quran
Gateway to the Quran

Publications

Matalibul Furqaan (7 vols.)
Lughat-ul-Quran (4 vols.)
Mafhoom-ul-Quran (3 vols.)
Tabweeb-ul-Quran (3 vols.)
Nizam-e-Rabubiyyat
Islam A Challenge to Religion (English version)
Insaan Ne Kiya Socha (What Man Thought, A History of Human Thought)
Islam kia he (second part of Insan ne kia socha)
Tasawwaf Ki Haqiqat (The reality of Islamic Mysticism
Saleem Ke Naam (3 vols.)
Tahira Ke Naam
Qurani Faislay (5 vols.)
Meraj-e-Insaaniat (about Muhammad)
Barke toor (about Mosa)
Joe noor (about Ibrahim)
Shola e mastoor (about Esa)
man(o) yazdan (Me and God, about Allah in light of the Quran)
Shahkar-e-Risalat (a biography of Caliph Omar)
Iblis o Adam (Satan and Man)
Jahane farda
Mazahebe Alam ke Asmani Kitaben
Asbab e zwal e ummat

Ideas of G A Parwez

Ghulam Ahmed Perwez presented a distinctive perspective by systematically interpreting Quranic themes and Muhammad Iqbal’s writings. His ideas aimed to reorganize society based on Quranic principles. Here are the key points:

Purpose of Islam: Parwez believed that the original purpose of Islam was to liberate humanity from oppressive man-made systems of control. These systems included both theocracy and secular democracy, which he considered contrary to Quranic principles. According to him, a Quranic model of government would grant ultimate authority to God, allowing only laws aligned with the Quran and actively promoting Quranic principles.

Emphasis on the Quran: While not rejecting Hadith entirely, Parwez prioritized the Quran. He criticized divisions among Muslims caused by over-reliance on Hadith and advocated for giving primary importance to the Quran. He blamed mainstream scholars for allowing exploitative socioeconomic practices by relying on Hadith even when it contradicted the Quran.

Support for Pakistan’s Independence: Parwez played a role in popularizing the need for a separate homeland for Muslims. He believed that practicing Islam as defined in the Quran required living in a state that adhered to God’s laws rather than man-made laws. During the struggle for independence, he countered arguments opposing Pakistan’s creation.

Zakat Definition: Parwez linked his views to the Quranic definition of Zakat, considering it a “universal development” tax collected and administered by a Quranic State.

Individual Freedom: Parwez championed individual freedom and opposed slavery, asserting that it lacked legal justification according to the Quran.

In summary, Ghulam Ahmed Perwez’s ideas aimed to align society with Quranic principles, emphasizing unity, freedom, and adherence to the Quran.